Milk chocolate toxicity in pets

It is a selective antagonist of cellular adenosine receptors. Inhibition of these receptors leads to CNS stimulation, vasoconstriction, and tachycardia. It also inhibits the reuptake of Ca2+ ions, increasing the contractility of both skeletal and cardiac muscles. Other mechanisms of action include phosphodiesterase inhibition, increased cAMP levels, stimulation of heart function, and inhibition of benzodiazepine receptors in the brain.

Depends on a dose.

• Gastrointestinal: vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration. Also polyuria, polydipsia, restlessness.

• Cardiovascular: tachypnea, tachycardia/bradycardia, hypertension, hypetermia, arrhythmia.

• Neurological: tremors, ataxia, muscle rigidity, seizures, coma.

Induce emesis 6-8 hours after consumption, unless the patient shows symptoms (due to the risk of aspiration). In such cases, gastric lavage should be performed.

Administer activated charcoal at 1 g/kg three times a day, but avoid it if vomiting or neurological signs are present.

Provide fluid therapy to maintain hydration and electrolyte balance.

Antiemetics:

• Maropitant: 1 mg/kg once daily SC

• Ondansetron: 0.5-1 mg/kg twice daily IV

Anticonvulsants:

• Midazolam: 0.1-0.25 mg/kg IV

• Diazepam: 0.5-2 mg/kg IV

Tachycardia and Hypertension:

• Metoprolol: 0.1 mg/kg three times daily

Arrhythmia:

• Lidocaine: 2 mg/kg IV, followed by CRI 0.03-0.08 mg/kg/min

Bradyarrhythmia:

• Atropine: 0.01-0.02 mg/kg IV

If your pet consumes milk chocolate, even in small amounts, contact a veterinarian immediately, as early treatment is key to preventing serious complications.