Potato toxicity in pets

Solanine is a toxic glycoalkaloid found in raw or green potatoes. It works by inhibiting the enzyme cholinesterase, which affects nerve function, what leads to a disruption in nerve signaling.

Chaconine works by disrupting cell membranes. It binds to and interacts with sterols in the membranes, increasing their permeability. This results in cell damage, leading to leakage of cellular contents. In pets, this can cause gastrointestinal irritation, including vomiting and diarrhea, as well as neurological symptoms like tremors, confusion, and coordination problems. In higher doses, it can also cause more severe effects, such as respiratory issues and even paralysis.

• Glycoalcaloids are gastrointestinal irritants causing abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea or contipation (if atropine-like effect occurs)

• Neurological: CNS depression (cholinergic effect) or stimulation (atropin-like effect), mydriasis, tremors, incoordination

• Cardiovascular: tachycardia (or bradycardia if atropine-like effect occurs)

• Respiratory: dyspnea.

• General atropine-like: dry mouth, thirst

Emesis: Induce vomiting within 2 hours of ingestion if the patient is asymptomatic.

Antidote:

• Cholinergic effects: atropine 2 mg/kg IV, but start with test dose 0,02 mg/kg IV - if HR increases, pupils dilate - symptoms are likely not caused by poisoning.

• Atropin-like effects: neostigmine or pyridostigmine.

A veterinary visit is recommended to assess the severity of toxicity and provide appropriate care, especially if large amounts were consumed or if symptoms occur.